⚙️ Base64 Algorithm

Encoding Steps

1. Take 3 bytes (24 bits) of input at a time.
2. Split into 4 groups of 6 bits each.
3. Map each 6-bit value to the Base64 alphabet (A=0, B=1 ... +=62, /=63).
4. If input is not divisible by 3, pad with = characters.

Visual Example

Input bytes:  M        a        n
Binary:       01001101 01100001 01101110
Groups of 6:  010011 010110 000101 101110
Decimal:      19     22     5      46
Base64 chars: T      W      F      u
Output: TWFu

Padding Rules

1 remaining byte → add ==
2 remaining bytes → add =
Divisible by 3 → no padding